Professor Linden Ball
Linden is a member of the Faculty Executive Team for Science and Technology. In his Faculty role, he works extensively to support the development and maintenance of a high-performing research and enterprise culture. Linden is also a Professor of Cognitive Psychology and collaborates with colleague on research relating to thinking, reasoning, problem solving, decision making, creativity and attention. He also supervises several research students who are conducting research in these areas.
Linden’s Faculty and University work primarily involves supporting staff in their research and enterprise activities through mentoring, advising and advocacy. He also helps to advance new University and Faculty research and enterprise initiatives such as those relating to infrastructure enhancements, staff training and development and policy implementation. Linden is a member of various committees at Faculty and University level, including the University Research & Innovation Committee, the University REF Steering Group, the Pro Vice Chancellor’s Research Strategy Group, the University’s Institute & Centres Monitoring Panel and the University’s Global Research Oversight Panel. Linden also enjoys being a member of the University’s Professorial & Readership Committee, which overseas annual career progressions to these levels. In addition, Linden is Deputy Director of the UCLan Research Centre for Brain and Behaviour, which is a cross-Faculty initiative that is spearheading cutting-edge, collaborative research across four main themes: Dementia and Neurodegeneration; Psychiatric Illnesses; Cognitive Neuroscience; and Neuroscience Drug Design.
Linden completed his PhD at Polytechnic South West, Plymouth, in 1990, having been supervised by Professor Jonathan St. B. T Evans, who was instrumental in building up an internationally recognised centre of excellence for research on thinking and reasoning from the 1970s onward. Linden’s PhD was on the topic of “Cognitive Processes in Engineering Design” and he has continued to conduct research on the theme of design cognition ever since, alongside parallel interests in thinking, reasoning, problem solving, decision making, creativity and attention. Nowadays the distinctions between these various lines of research have become blurred and conceptual ideas increasingly cut across these different domains of research. After his PhD Linden took up postdoctoral positions at Polytechnic South West, Plymouth (1990-1991) and Loughborough University (1991-1993) before moving to a Senior Lectureship at the University of Derby, where he progressed to be Head of Division and Reader in Cognitive Psychology. Linden moved to Lancaster University in 2000 to a Senior Lecturer position and to take on the role of Course Director for the newly established MRes in Design & Evaluation of Advanced Interactive Systems. He progressed to be Head of Department and Reader in the Psychology of Thinking & Reasoning and also became Course Director for a new MSc in the Psychology of Advertising. He joined UCLan as Dean of Psychology in 2000 and took on the additional role of Director of Research for the Faculty of Science & Technology in 2018. In 2020 Linden became Faculty Director of Research & Enterprise on a full-time basis whilst retaining a substantive research role as Professor of Cognitive Psychology. Linden has held several external roles on committees and panels. For example, he is a past Chair of the Cognitive Psychology Section of the British Psychological Society (2011-2014), having previously been the Section’s Honorary Secretary for three years. Linden has also been on the organising committee for national and international conferences and was, for example: Co-Chair for “Co-Designing 2000: International Conference of the Design Research Society”, Coventry University, September 2000; Co-Chair for the ”Twenty-Third Annual Cognitive Section Conference of the British Psychological Society”, Lancaster University, September 2006; Full-Papers Chair for “Human Computer Interaction 2007 (HCI 2007): Twenty-First British HCI Group Annual Conference”, Lancaster University, September 2007; and Co-Chair for the “Eleventh Design Thinking Research Symposium, (DTRS-11)”, Copenhagen Business School, Copenhagen, Denmark, November 2016. Linden has supervised over 30 PhD students and has examined a similar number.
- Deputy Director UCLan Research Centre for Brain and Behaviour
- PhD Cognitive Processes in Engineering Design, Polytechnic South West, Plymouth, 1990
- BSc (Hons) Psychology, Plymouth Polytechnic, 1986
- Design Studies Award, Best journal paper published in “Design Studies” in 2013
- Best Paper Award, “Desire 2011 Conference on Creativity & Innovation in Design”
- Design Studies Award, Best journal paper published in “Design Studies” in 2009
- Special Commendation and the Michael B. Merickel Best Paper Runner-Up Award, Annual SPIE Medical Imaging Conference, 2008
- Thinking and Reasoning
- Judgment and Decision Making
- Dual-Process Theories of Thinking
- Uncertainty and Strategy Change in Thinking
- Metacognition and Meta-reasoning
- Creative Cognition
- Design Cognition
- Detecting Deception
- Detecting Insider Threat
- Chartered Psychologist (CPsychol)
- Associate Fellow, British Psychological Society (AFBPsS)
- Graduate Member, British Psychological Society
- Member, Cognitive Psychology Section of the British Psychological Society
- Member, European Society for Cognitive Psychology
- Member, Cognitive Science Society
Linden’s current research focuses primarily on the topics of “metacognition” and “metareasoning”, with a particular emphasis on the role played by feelings of uncertainty as a trigger for strategic shifts from more automatic and intuitive processing to more analytic and reflective processing. He is interested in these metacognitive shifts in processing in domains such as reasoning, problem solving, creative thinking and design cognition as well as in real-world decision-making environments that are characterised by volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity. During his research career Linden has published extensively in peer-reviewed journals and edited book collections as well as in the proceedings of established conferences. He has also published several co-edited books such as the “The Routledge International Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning” (2017). In addition, Linden had co-edited several journal special issues, for example, a special issue of “Design Studies” on “Designing in the Wild” (2017), a special issue of “Thinking & Reasoning” on “Creativity and Insight Problem Solving” (2015) and a research topic in “Frontiers” on “Cognitive Processes in Individual and Collective Creativity A Cross-Cultural Perspective” (2019). Linden is the Editor-in-Chief of “Journal of Cognitive Psychology” (since 2017), having previously been an Associate Editor (2010-2017). He is also an Associate Editor of “Thinking & Reasoning” (since 2011) and he is additionally the Editor (since 2011) for the “Current Issues in Thinking & Reasoning” book series that is published by Routledge. Linden is also a member of several journal Editorial Boards, including “CoDesign” (since 2003), “Design Studies” (since 2013), “She Ji – The Journal of Design, Economics & Innovation” (since 2014) and “Journal of Cognition” (since 2017).
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- UCLan Research Centre for Brain & Behaviour (Deputy Director)
- Perception, Cognition and Neuroscience Research Group (Member)
- UCLan Criminal Justice Partnership (Chair of Steering Group and Member)
- UCLan Research Institute for Global Health And Wellbeing – Life (Member)
- Creative yet inattentive? Investigating the role of attention in creative problem solving
- In the face of distraction: Exploring the role of background speech on person identification
- Meta-reasoning
- Detecting deception
- Detecting insider threat
- How the human mind makes use of contraries in everyday life: A new multidimensional approach to contraries in perception, language, reasoning and emotions
- British Academy & Leverhulme Trust, £7,837, 2017-2019, “Creative yet Inattentive? Investigating the Role of Attention in Creative Problem Solving”
- ESRC Standard Grant, £480,000, 2012-2015, “The Development of Priming in Analogical Reasoning using True and False Memories”
- Centre for Protection of National Infrastructure (CPNI), £251,051, 2010-2012, “DITTOS: Detection of Insider Threats: Techniques, Observations and Simulation”
- EPSRC Prioritisation Panel, £132,770, 2009-2010, “EA-MDE: An Empirical Assessment of the Efficacy of Model Driven Engineering”
- ESRC National Centre for Research Methods Collaborative Fund, £10,000, 2008-2009, “Economic Decision Making: Preference Reversals with Vague Probabilities”
- EU FP7 Marie Curie Initial Training Network Programme, €3,157,205, 2008-2012, “DESIRE: Creative Design for Innovation in Science and Technology”
- EPSRC Wired and Wireless Intelligent Networked Systems (WINES) Programme, £1,057,611, 2005-2009, “NEMO: Networked Embedded Models and Memories of Physical Work Activities”
- EPSRC/DTI Management of Information LINK Initiative, £800,000, 2000-2003, “Expertise in Detecting Fraudulent Insurance Claims”
- ESRC Cognitive Engineering Programme, £214,505, 1995-1998, “DESPERADO: Promoting Innovative Design Reuse through Indexing Agents”
- Member, International Programme Committee, Second Schematic Mapping Workshop, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria, April 2019
- Co-Chair, Eleventh Design Thinking Research Symposium, (DTRS-11), Copenhagen Business School, Copenhagen, Denmark, November 2016
- Member, International Programme Committee, Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany, August 2013
- Member, International Programme Committee, Seventh International Conference on Thinking: ICT-2012, Birkbeck College, University of London, July 2012
- Member, International Programme Committee, Ninth Design Thinking Research Symposium (DTRS-9): Articulating Design Thinking, Northumbria University, UK, April 2012
- Member, International Programme Committee, Desire 2011 Conference - Theory and Practice of Creative Processes in Design, Eindhoven University, Eindhoven, Netherlands, October 2011
- Member, International Programme Committee, Human Computer Interaction 2010 (HCI 2010): Twenty-Fourth British HCI Group Annual Conference University of Abertay, Dundee, September 2010
- Member, International Programme Committee, Second International Analogy Conference: ANALOGY-09, New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria, July 2009
- Member, International Programme Committee, CHI Workshop: ‘Designing for Reflection on Experience’, Boston, USA, April 2009
- Chair, Full-Papers, Human Computer Interaction 2007 (HCI 2007): Twenty-First British HCI Group Annual Conference, Lancaster University, September 2007
- Co-Chair, Twenty-Third Annual Cognitive Section Conference of the British Psychological Society, Lancaster University, September 2006
- Member, International Programme Committee, Third Design Research Society Conference: WonderGround, University of Lisbon, October 2006
- Member, International Programme Committee, Fifth Creativity and Cognition Conference (C&C-5), Goldsmiths College, University of London, April 2005
- Member, International Programme Committee, Sixth Design Thinking Research Symposium (DTRS-6): Expertise in Design, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia, December 2004
- Co-Chair, Co-Designing 2000: International Conference of the Design Research Society, Coventry University, September 2000
- Member, International Programme Committee, Seventh Empirical Studies of Programmers Workshop (ESP-7), Alexandria, Virginia, October 1997
Telephone:+44 (0)1772 893421
Email: Email:Professor Linden Ball
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